Bank of Japan Decision Preview: Ultra-loose policy expected to be unchanged even as pressure mounts

• The Bank of Japan to keep interest rate and YCC policy steady yet again.
• The BoJ is reportedly said to upgrade fiscal 2023 and 2024 inflation forecasts.
• Quarterly outlook to overshadow Japan’s interest rate decision, rocking USD/JPY.

The Bank of Japan (BoJ) is expected to announce its decision on the interest rate, as well as, the Yield Curve Control (YCC)  policy on Tuesday. 

Heading into the BoJ policy announcements, the Japanese Yen (JPY) has recovered some ground against the US Dollar (USD), having weakened past the key 150.00 level last week, a threshold that once again prompted Japanese policymakers to intervene in the bond market.

Markets are not expecting any surprises from the BoJ even though Japan’s inflation exceeded the 2% price target for the 19th consecutive month and the government bond (JGB) yields held at decade highs.

Bank of Japan policy expectation and its impact on USD/JPY

Following the October monetary policy review meeting on Tuesday, the Bank of Japan is set to leave its current policy settings unadjusted, maintaining interest rate and 10-year JGB yield target at -10bps and 0.00%, respectively.

Heading into the BoJ policy announcements, the central bank has already intervened in the bond market for the sixth time this month to stem the relentless upsurge in JGB yields. Domestic yields have yielded into the bullish pressure, induced by the staggering rally in US Treasury bond yields to a 16-year high. The benchmark 10-year US Treasury bond yield briefly topped the 5.0% key level last Monday.

The benchmark 10-year JGB yield is sitting close to 0.86%, its highest level since July 2013. The persistent rise in JGB yields has put pressure on the BoJ “to discuss the possibility of additional loosening YCC at the October policy meeting,” Reuters reported, citing sources at the central bank. The BoJ unexpectedly raised the cap for the 10-year yield from 0.50% to 1.0% on July 28.

Another concern for the Japanese central bank remains the elevated inflation level, which has been consistently above the Bank’s 2% target for over a year now. Tokyo core Consumer Price Index (CPI), a figure closely watched by the BoJ, rose 2.7% in October from a year earlier, up from a 2.5% increase in September. Meanwhile, The "core-core" index, excluding fresh food and energy, climbed 3.8%.

Amidst stubbornly high inflation, three people familiar with the matter said earlier this month that the “BoJ is set to raise its core consumer inflation forecast for the year ending in March 2024 to near 3.0% from the current 2.5% projected in July in its fresh quarterly growth and inflation forecasts. It is also seen upgrading its forecast for 2024 from the current 1.9%, to at or above 2.0%,” Reuters reported.

Analysts at BBH noted: “The updated macro forecasts will be key. Reports suggest the Bank of Japan will likely revise its core inflation forecasts upward at this meeting. The FY23 forecast will likely be closer to 3.0% vs. 2.5% seen in July, while the FY24 forecast will likely be 2.0% or more vs. 1.9% seen in July. The forecasts for FY24 and FY25 will be very important, as anything much above 2% would suggest the bank will likely start removing accommodation in early 2024.”

A potential upgrade to its inflation estimates would still allow the BoJ to stick to its ultra-loose monetary policy stance. However, it would also imply mounting pressure on the central bank to lift its yield cap beyond the current 1.0%.

That said, the BoJ could hold its horses as policymakers continue evaluating various factors to be under consideration when exiting ultra-loose policy while patiently waiting for a sustainable achievement of the target. According to a summary of opinions at the BoJ’s September meeting, one board member said the second half of the current fiscal year, ending in March 2024, will be an "important period" in determining whether the BoJ's price target will be achieved.

Economists surveyed by Reuters showed that nearly 80% of them expect the BoJ to abandon the 10-year yield control framework by the end of 2024. A majority of them predicted the central bank to end its negative interest rate policy (NIRP) next year.

USD/JPY levels to consider on BoJ policy announcements

If the Bank of Japan lifts the yield target or upgrades the inflation projections, it could signal that the central bank is preparing to shift the gear to a hawkish policy earlier than expected. In such a case, the Japanese Yen is likely to see a sharp buying wave, triggering a notable USD/JPY sell-off. Conversely, inaction by the BoJ on the policy and the outlook front will drive USD/JPY back toward last year’s FX intervention level of 151.96.

Dhwani Mehta, Asian Session Lead Analyst at FXStreet, offers a brief technical outlook for the major and explains: “The USD/JPY pair is clinging to the critical 21-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at 149.52 in the lead-up to the BoJ decision. The 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) is holding comfortably above the 50 level, keeping the upside risks intact for the major.”

On the upside, the immediate resistance is seen at 150.42, Friday’s high, above which the previous week’s intervention level of 150.78 will be put to the test again. Alternatively, a sustained break of the 21-day SMA could trigger a fresh downswing toward the ascending 50-day SMA at 148.25. The last line of defense for buyers will be the 148.00 round figure,” Dhwani added.