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美联储认为劳动力短缺和供应链瓶颈制约美国经济复苏; 新华社报道,美国联邦储备委员会9日发布半年度货币政策报告指出,新冠疫情导致的劳动力短缺和供应链瓶颈制约美国经济复苏,造成通胀压力暂时加大。 美联储在报告中指出,当前美国劳动参与率增长缓慢,远低于去年2月的水平,原因包括退休人数激增、育儿压力增加、对感染新冠的担忧等。同时,失业救济福利覆盖范围扩大、时间延长且额度增加促使更多人退出劳动力市场。美联储认为,疫情或给美国劳动力市场结构带来持久性改变。   报告认为,目前美国制造商面临供应链瓶颈,同样对美国经济复苏构成制约。一方面,工厂在疫情期间关闭,造成订单积压和库存短缺;另一方面,港口货物处理能力和承载力有限,制造商无法及时获得进口原材料。这些因素导致制造商无法扩大生产以满足经济重启的需求增长。展望未来,供应链瓶颈何时得以解决尚不能确定

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