Business confidence in the Netherlands rose to -1.6 in September 2025 from -3.3 in the previous month. This marked the highest reading since March and approaching its 20-year average of -1.3. Manufacturers showed greater optimism about expected production over the next three months (9.4 vs 6.1 in August). Their assessments of finished goods inventories (-5.4 vs -6.9) and order books (-8.9 vs -9.1) were also less negative. Confidence improved across two-thirds of the underlying sectors. Producers in other industries such as machinery repair and installation and furniture were the most optimistic, while producers in the paper and graphics industry were the most pessimistic.
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